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Science
A lot of very famous and successful scientists originated from Austria and still do so. Many of Austria's chemists, doctors or philosophers are well known around the world for their contributions in their special field.
Medicine
Hans Hass (1919 )
He is an oceanographer know for his commitment to environmental protection.
Gregor Mendel (1822 - 1884)
Mendel was an Augustinian priest and scientist, and is often called the father of genetics for his study of the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants.
Hans Asperger (1906 - 1980)
He was the Austrian pediatrician after whom Asperger syndrome is named.
Josef Leopold Auenbrugger (1722 - 1809)
The physician invented percussion as a diagnostic technique.
Robert Barany (1876 - 1936)
For his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus of the ear he received the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Georg Joseph Beer (1763 - 1821)
He is credited with introducing a flap operation for treatment of cataracts (Beer's operation), as well as popularizing the instrument used to perform the surgery (Beer's knife).
Carl Cori (1896 - 1984)
Cori an Austrian-American biochemist and pharmacologist born in Prague who received the Nobel Prize in 1947.
Karl Fellinger (1904 - 2000)
He was one of Austria´s international best known doctors of the 20th century.
Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow (1846 - 1891)
He was an Austrian physiologist and physician who became known for his important investigations on the electrical activity of nerves and the brain.
Viktor Frankl (1905 - 1997)
Frankl was an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist as well as a Holocaust survivor.
Karl von Frisch (1886 - 1982)
The Austrian ethologist received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973, along with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Konrad Lorenz.
Otto Gross (1877 - 1920)
Gross was an Austrian psychoanalyst. He later became an anarchist and joined the utopian Ascona community.
Josef Hyrtl (1810 - 1894)
Hyrtl was offered the professorship of anatomy at the University of Prague in 1837 when only twenty-six years old.
Fritz Koeberle (1910 - 1983)
He was an Austrian-Brazilian physician, pathologist and scientist, discoverer of the neurogenic mechanism of the chronic phase of Chagas disease.
Karl Landsteiner (1868 - 1943)
He is noted for his development of the modern system of classification of blood groups and in 1930 he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Franz Xaver Mayr (1875 - 1965)
He is known for a natural healing diet called “Franz-Xaver-Mayr-Kur”.
Franz Mesmer (1734 - 1815)
Mesmer was a German physician and astrologist, who discovered what he called magnétisme animal (animal magnetism) and others often called mesmerism.
Ernst Moro (1874 - 1951)
The physician and pediatrician discovered the infant reflex which was named after him (Moro reflex).
Paracelsus (1493 - 1541)
Paracelsus was a Medieval physician, botanist, alchemist, astrologer, and general occultist.
Clemens von Pirquet (1874 - 1929)
He was a scientist and pediatrician best known for his contributions to the fields of bacteriology and immunology.
Rudolf Poesch (1870 - 1921)
He was a doctor, anthropologist, and ethnologist. Poech is also known as a pioneer in photography, cinematography, and audio engineering
Karl Pribram (1919)
He is a professor at Georgetown University and an emeritus professor of psychology and psychiatry at Stanford University and Radford University
Carl Rabl (1853 - 1917)
His most notable achievement was on the structural consistency of chromosomes during the cell cycle.
Ignaz Semmelweis (1818 - 1865)
The Hungarian physician discovered that cases of puerperal fever, also known as childbed fever, could be cut drastically if doctors washed their hands in a chlorine solution before gynaecological examinations.
Hans Selye (1907 - 1982)
Selye did much important factual work on the hypothetical non-specific response of the organism to stressors.
Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1857 - 1940)
The main work pursued by Wagner-Jauregg throughout his life was related to the treatment of mental disease by inducing a fever, an approach known as pyrotherapy.
Rudolf Wlassak (1865 - 1930)
The physiologist and neurologist was a pioneer in the hospital treatment of alcoholism.
Philosophy
Nathan Birnbaum (1864 - 1937)
The writer, journalist and thinker specially promoted jewish culture and the Yiddish language.
Franz Brentano (1838 - 1917)
He was an German philosopher and psychologist who influenced Sigmund Freud, Edmund Husserl, Kazimierz Twardowski and Alexius Meinong.
Martin Buber (1878 - 1965)
The Austrian-born Jewish philosopher is best known for his philosophy of dialogue.
Christian von Ehrenfels (1859 -1932)
He is known as one of the founders and precursors of Gestalt psychology.
Herbert Feigl (1902 - 1988)
Feigl was a philosopher and a member of the Vienna Circle
Paul Feyerabend (1924 - 1994)
The Austrian-born philosopher of science is best known for his work as a professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley (1958–1989).
Philipp Frank (1884 - 1966)
Philipp Frank was a physicist, mathematician and also an influential philosopher during the first half of the 20th century. He was a logical-positivist, and a member of the Vienna Circle.
Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939)
Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the defense mechanism of repression and for creating the clinical practice of psychoanalysis for curing psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.
Heinrich Gomperz (1873 - 1942)
He was a Sigmund Freud patient and married to Ada Stepnitz.
Edmund Husserl (1859 - 1938)
Husserl is deemed the founder of phenomenology and elaborated critiques of psychologism and historicism.
Victor Kraft (1880 - 1975)
Kraft is best known for being a member of the Vienna Circle.
Nachman Krochmal (1785 - 1840)
He was a Jewish Austrian philosopher, theologian, and historian.
Alexius Meinong (1853 - 1920)
Meinong was an Austrian philosopher, a realist known for his unique ontology.
Otto Neurath (1882 -1945)
He was a philosopher of science, sociologist, and political economist.
Karl Popper (1902 - 1994)
He is counted among the most influential philosophers of science of the 20th century and also wrote extensively on social and political philosophy.
Moritz Schlick (1882 -1936)
He was a German philosopher and the founding father of logical positivism and the Vienna Circle.
Othmar Spann (1878 -1950)
Othmar Spann was a conservative philosopher, sociologist and economist whose radical anti-liberal and anti-Socialist views helped antagonise political fractions in Austria during the interwar years.
Rudolf Steiner (1861 - 1925)
He was a philosopher, literary scholar, educator, architect, playwright, social thinker, and esotericist.
Otto Weininger (1880 - 1903)
In 1903, he published the book Geschlecht und Charakter (Sex and Character) which gained popularity after his suicide at the age of 23. Today, the book is generally viewed as misogynistic and antisemitic in academic circles.
Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889 - 1951)
He worked primarily in logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language.
Engineering
Carlo Abarth (1908 - 1979)
He was an Austrian born automobile designer who changed his nationality later to became an Italian citizen.
Igo Etrich (1879 - 1967)
Etrich was a flight pioneer, pilot and fixed-wing aircraft developer.
Anselm Franz (1900 - 1994)
He was a pioneering jet engine engineer, known for the development of the Jumo 004 turbojet in Germany during World War II, and his work on turboshaft designs in the U.S. after the war.
Gaston Glock (1929)
He is an engineer, and founder of firearms company Glock.
Hedy Lamarr (1913 - 2000)
Lamarr was an Austrian-born American actress and scientist. Though known primarily for her acting she also co-invented an early form of spread spectrum communications technology.
Viktor Kaplan (1876 - 1934)
Kaplan was an engineer and the inventor of the Kaplan turbine.
Johann Korbuly (1860 - 1919)
He was a manufacturer of toys.
Wilhelm Kress (1836 - 1913)
He was a pioneer in aviations and constructor of aircraft.
Josef Madersbergern (1768 - 1850)
Madersperger was a tailor and one of the inventors of the sewing machine.
Siegfried Marcus (1831 - 1898)
He was a German-born Austrian inventor and automobile pioneer.
Peter Mitterhofer (1822 - 1893)
The carpenter is said to be the inventor of a typewriter ready for the market.
Johann August Natterer (1821 - 1900)
He was a chemist, physicist and doctor.
Alois Negrelli (1799 - 1858)
Negrelli was an engineer and railroad pioneer in Austria, Italy and Switzerland.
Ferdinand Porsche (1875 - 1951)
Porsche was an Austro-Hungarian born automotive engineer.
Johann Puch (1862 - 1914)
He was a Slovene inventor and mechanic who went on to become a very significant vehicle producer in Europe.
Josef Ressel (1793 - 1857)
He was a Bohemian forest warden and the inventor of the ship's propeller.
Edmund Rumpler (1872 - 1940)
He was an automobile and aircraft constructor.
Paul Schwarzkopf (1886 - 1970)
He was a technician and industrialist.
Alois Senefelder (1771 - 1834)
Senefelder was an Austrian actor and playwright who invented the printing technique of lithography in 1796.
Max Valier (1895 - 1930)
He was a rocketry pioneer.
Auer von Welsbach (1858 - 1929)
He is particularly well known for his work on rare earth elements, which led to the development of the flint used in modern lighters.
Claire Gmachl (1967)
Dr. Claire F. Gmachl is Professor of Electrical Engineering at Princeton University. She is best known for her work in the development of quantum cascade lasers.
Friedrich Waismann (1896 - 1959)
He was a mathematician, physicist, and philosopher. He is best known for being a member of the Vienna Circle and one of the key theorists in logical positivism.
Gernot Zippe (1917 - 2008)
He was an engineer responsible for leading the team which developed the Zippe-type centrifuge, a machine for the collection of Uranium-235.
Chemistry
Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727 - 1817)
He studied medicine, chemistry and botany and was the first to describe different kinds of plants, mushrooms and animals.
Anton Schroetter von Kristelli (1802 - 1875)
Schrötter von Kristelli discovered red phosphorus, which led to the invention of the safety match. He was a scientific advisor to the Austrian-Hungarian North Pole Expedition.
Richard Kuhn (1900 - 1967)
He was an Austrian-German biochemist awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1938 for his work on carotenoids and vitamins.
Max Ferdinand Perutz (1914-2002)
Leopold Ruzicka (1887 - 1976)
He was a Croatian scientist, winner of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He received eight honoris causa doctorates in in science, medicine, and law.
Carl Auer von Welsbach (1858 - 1929)
He was an Austrian scientist and inventor who is well known for his work on rare earth elements, which led to the development of the flint used in modern lighters, the gas mantle which brought light to the streets of Europe in the late 19th century, and the development of the metal filament light bulb.
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (1865 - 1929)
He was an Austrian-German chemist of and Nobel laureate chemistry known for his research in colloids. The crater Zsigmondy on the Moon is named in his honour.
PHYSICS
Ludwig Boltzmann (1844 - 1906)
He was an Austrian physicist famous for his founding contributions in the fields of statistical mechanics and statistical thermodynamics and an advocate for atomic theory when that scientific model was still highly controversial.
Fritjof Capra (1939)
He has done research on particle physics and systems theory, and has written The Tao of Physics.
Christian Andreas Doppler (1803 - 1853)
He is most famous for what is now called the Doppler effect, which is the apparent change in frequency and wavelength of a wave as perceived by an observer moving relative to the wave's source.
Paul Ehrenfest (1880 - 1933)
He made major contributions to the field of statistical mechanics and its relations with quantum mechanics, including the theory of phase transition and the Ehrenfest theorem.
Thomas Gold (1920 - 2004)
Gold was an Austrian born astrophysicist whose work crossed academic and scientific boundaries, into biophysics, astrophysics, space engineering, and geophysics.
Friedrich Hasenoehrl (1874 - 1915)
He became Boltzmann's successor at the University of Vienna as the head of the Department of Theoretical Physics and had an especially significant impact on Erwin Schrödinger, who later won the Nobel Prize for Physics for his contributions to Quantum Mechanics.
Victor Franz Hess (1883 - 1964)
He was an Austrian-American physicist, and Nobel laureate in physics, who with Carl David Anderson discovered cosmic rays.
Johann Josef Loschmidt (1821 - 1895)
He was a notable Austrian scientist who performed groundbreaking work in chemistry, physics (thermodynamics, optics, electrodynamics), and crystal forms.
Ernst Mach (1838 - 1916)
He was an Austrian physicist and philosopher and is the namesake for the Mach number and the optical illusion known as Mach bands.
Lise Meitner (1878 - 1968)
She studied radioactivity and nuclear physics and was part of the team that discovered nuclear fission, an achievement for which her colleague Otto Hahn was awarded the Nobel Prize.
Richard von Mises (1883 - 1953)
He was a scientist who worked on solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, aeronautics, statistics and probability theory.
Wolfgang Pauli (1900 - 1958)
Pauli was an Austrian theoretical physicist noted for his work on spin theory, and for the discovery of the exclusion principle underpinning the structure of matter and the whole of chemistry.
Josef Maximilian Petzval (1807 - 1891)
He was a mathematician, inventor, and physicist. Petzval is considered to be one of the main founders of geometrical optics, modern photography and cinematography.
Erwin Schroedinger (1887 - 1961)
He was an Austrian theoretical physicist who achieved fame for his contributions to quantum mechanics, especially the Schrödinger equation, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1933.
Victor Frederick Weisskopf (1908 - 2002)
He was an Austrian American theoretical physicist. During World War II he worked at Los Alamos on the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb, and later campaigned against the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
Anton Zeilinger (1945)
is an Austrian quantum physicist who currently is professor of physics at the University of Vienna. He is also the director of the Vienna branch of the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information IQOQI at the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
Mathematics
Emil Artin (1898 - 1962)
He was one of the leading algebraists of the century, working in algebraic number theory, contributing largely to class field theory and a new construction of L-functions.
Wilhelm Blaschke (1885 - 1962)
He was an Austro-Hungarian differential and integral geometer. He studied in Vienna and became a Professor in Prague.
Kurt Goedel (1906 - 1978)
He was an Austrian-American logician, mathematician and philosopher. One of the most significant logicians of all time, Gödel made an immense impact upon scientific and philosophical thinking in the 20th century.
Wolfgang Groebner (1899 - 1980)
He was an Austrian mathematician. His name is best known for the Gröbner basis, used for computations in algebraic geometry.
Hans Hahn (1879 - 1934)
He was an Austrian mathematician who made contributions to functional analysis, topology, set theory, the calculus of variations, real analysis, and order theory.
Otto E. Neugebauer (1899 - 1990)
He was an Austrian-American mathematician and historian of science who became known for his research on the history of astronomy and the other exact sciences in antiquity and into the Middle Ages.
Heinrich Franz Friedrich Tietze (1880 - 1964)
He was an Austrian mathematician, famous for the Tietze Extension Theorem. He also developed the Tietze transformations for group presentations, and was the first to pose the group isomorphism problem.
Leopold Vietoris (1891 - 2002)
He was an Austrian mathematician who gained additional fame by becoming a supercentenarian. He was especially known for his contributions to topology.
Psychology
Alfred Adler (1870 - 1937)
He was an Austrian medical doctor, psychologist and founder of the school of Individual Psychology and the first major figure to break away from psychoanalysis to form an independent school of psychotherapy and personality theory.
Bruno Bettelheim (1903 - 1990)
He became known as a child psychologist and writer, gaining an international reputation for his views on autism and for his success in treating emotionally disturbed children.
Joseph Breuer (1842 - 1925)
He was an Austrian physician whose works lay the foundation of psychoanalysis. A close friend and collaborator with Sigmund Freud, Breuer is perhaps best known for his work with Anna O. (the pseudonym of Bertha Pappenheim), a woman suffering with symptoms of paralysis, anaesthesias, and disturbances of vision and speech.
Frederick Kanfer (1925 - 2002)
He was an emeritus Professor for Psychology at the University of Illinois and developed a selfmanagement-theory and together with G.A. Saslow a SORKC-Model of Behavior Therapy.
Melanie Klein (1882 - 1960)
He was an Austrian-born British psychoanalyst who devised novel therapeutic techniques for children that had a significant impact on child psychology and contemporary psychoanalysis.
Otto Rank (1884 - 1939)
He was an Austrian psychoanalyst, writer, teacher and therapist. He was one of Sigmund Freud's closest colleagues for 20 years and managing director of Freud's publishing house and a creative theorist and therapist.
Wilhelm Reich (1897 - 1957)
He was an Austrian-American psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. He promoted adolescent sexuality, the availability of contraceptives and abortion, and the importance for women of economic independence.
Erwin Ringel (1921 - 1994)
He was an Austrian psychiatrist and neurologist who dedicated his life to suicide prevention and who, in 1960, defined the presuicidal syndrome.
Paul Watzlawick (1921 - 2007)
He was a theoretician in Communication Theory and Radical Constructivism and has commented in the fields of family therapy and general psychotherapy.
Leo Kanner (1894 - 1981)
He was an Austrian psychiatrist and physician known for his work related to autism. Kanner's work formed the foundation of child and adolescent psychiatry in the U.S. and worldwide.
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